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Discover the difference between these two fields of study

The computer stands as one of humanity’s most sophisticated creations. To operate seamlessly, it requires both software and hardware. Computer scientists and engineers are the driving forces behind these systems, developing both the physical components and the software that enables them to function together flawlessly. 

Elliott Forbes, UW-La Crosse assistant professor of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, answers some common questions that students have about these fields. 

What is Computer Engineering?

Computer engineering focuses on the development of hardware systems — essentially the physical components of computers, such as microprocessors, memory, and input/output devices. While computer engineers may also create software, the primary focus is on the intersection of hardware and software, deciding which tasks each should handle and designing the interface between them. 

Students pursuing computer engineering will find their coursework more hands-on than that of computer science, with fewer theoretical concepts and more lab sessions. Topics such as electrical engineering, circuit analysis, and circuit design are central. A key area of study involves integrating hardware and software systems, such as incorporating sensors (which detect environmental changes) and actuators (which collect and output data) into devices. 

Take, for instance, a project at UW-La Crosse. One computer engineering student developed a handheld game where the goal was to navigate a car through a virtual pothole-filled road. The game used a 3D printed steering wheel attached to the screen as a sensor, enabling the player to steer the car by turning the wheel. This project demonstrated how the physical hardware and software interact to create an engaging user experience. Understanding this integration is a core aspect of computer engineering. 

According to Forbes, if you have a natural curiosity about how things work and enjoy taking things apart to understand their mechanics, computer engineering may be the ideal field for you. 

What is Computer Science?

Computer science centers on writing code and developing software. Professionals in this field focus not only on creating programs but also on optimizing them to run faster and more efficiently, using fewer computing resources. A significant portion of computer science education involves learning the theory behind why software works the way it does, which is crucial for becoming an exceptional software developer. 

In computer science, students develop their own coding styles, and no two students will approach a problem in exactly the same way. The goal is to foster an ability to write clear, elegant code that is not only functional but also easy for others to understand. Since software development is typically a team effort, the ability to make your code comprehensible to others is a vital skill. 

If you enjoy solving complex problems and experience a rush when you finally crack a difficult challenge, computer science could be a great fit. Many students face challenges in their early programming courses as the concepts are often unfamiliar. However, those who thrive on the thrill of solving these problems are usually the ones who persist and succeed in this field. 

Computer engineering vs. computer science

At its core, computer science is more focused on software, while computer engineering leans toward hardware. However, there is significant overlap between the two fields. Both computer scientists and engineers study elements of both hardware and software and can pursue careers on either side. That said, it is more common for a computer engineer to end up in a software-focused career than for a computer scientist to specialize in hardware. 

Both paths require creativity, even though the term is more often associated with the arts. According to Forbes, “Creativity is essential in computer science and computer engineering, too. It’s a crucial ingredient for success in both fields.” 

Examples of computer engineers

Computer engineers are involved in a variety of high-tech, hands-on roles. Examples include: 

• Aerospace industry: Modern aircraft are entirely controlled by flight computers. Engineers may be hired to design those computers. This involves both hardware and software development, often requiring custom hardware components to meet rigorous safety standards not met by typical desktop computers. 
• Processor development: Engineers may work on connecting billions of transistors on a computer chip, ensuring the wiring is optimized for quick processing speeds. 
• Research and development: Engineers may conduct long-term research, such as forecasting the future direction of computer processor technology, helping to shape the industry years ahead of product development. 
• Medical devices: Engineers contribute to the development of medical technology, such as pacemakers, ensuring these devices are safe and effective for patient use. 

Can computer engineers maintain websites?

Website development is generally more suited to computer scientists. Many computer science graduates go on to become web developers, whereas a computer engineer's primary focus is on developing and maintaining hardware systems. While engineers may have some experience with web development, their core training is centered on hardware design and integration. 

Does computer engineering or computer science pay more?

Both fields offer high-paying career opportunities. For up-to-date salary information, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is an excellent resource to explore. 

What is software engineering?

While software engineering often overlaps with both computer science and computer engineering, it is primarily concerned with managing software development projects. Software engineers focus on how to break down large, complex projects into manageable tasks and ensure that teams can work together to complete them successfully. They also examine how to maintain and integrate various software components, ensuring that all parts work well together. 

Qualifications of video game designer?

While a background in computer science or computer engineering provides the foundational skills for a career in video game design, computer science tends to be a better fit for those interested in this field. However, it’s essential to recognize that a career as a video game designer involves many of the same day-to-day tasks as any other software development job, whether in banking, healthcare, or other industries. 

The video game industry is highly competitive, and many aspiring game designers find themselves working long hours to break into the field. While some students begin their studies with the goal of designing video games, they often shift to other software development fields as they discover new career opportunities. 

In summary, whether you’re drawn to hardware, software, or both, computer science and computer engineering offer dynamic and rewarding career paths. By understanding the nuances of each field, you’ll be better equipped to choose the path that best aligns with your interests and long-term goals.